Polyacrylamide: Polymer Yogwira Ntchito Zambiri M'makampani Amakono
Polyacrylamide (PAM), ndi polima yosungunuka m'madzi yokhala ndi mamolekyulu ambiri yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana amafakitale. Ndi polima yochokera ku ma monomers a acrylamide, ndipo m'mafakitale, ma polima okhala ndi mayunitsi opitilira 50% a acrylamide monomer nthawi zambiri amatchedwa polyacrylamide.
PAM ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu a non-ionic, anionic, cationic, ndi amphoteric malinga ndi makhalidwe ake a ionic. PAM yosakhala ionic ilibe magulu a ionizable mu unyolo wake wa molekyulu, PAM ya anionic ili ndi magulu a negative charge, PAM ya cationic ili ndi magulu a positive charge, ndipo PAM ya amphoteric ili ndi magulu a negative and positive charge.
Njira zopangira PAM zikuphatikizapo aqueous solution polymerization, reverse emulsion polymerization, ndi radiation - initiated polymerization. Aqueous solution polymerization ndiyo njira yakale kwambiri komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha chitetezo chake komanso mtengo wake wotsika. Reverse emulsion polymerization ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito bwino kwambiri, ndipo radiation - initiated polymerization ndi njira yatsopano yomwe ingapangitse PAM kutentha kozungulira popanda mankhwala oyambitsa mankhwala.
PAMIli ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zakuthupi ndi zamakemikolo. Ili ndi mphamvu yabwino yosungunukira madzi ndipo imatha kusungunuka m'madzi ozizira kuti ipange yankho lolimba. Maunyolo ake olemera kwambiri amatha kupanga "milatho" pakati pa tinthu tomwe timayamwa madzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti tinthu tomwe timayimitsidwa m'madzi tifalikire komanso kuti madzi asamasefukire. Kuphatikiza apo, PAM ili ndi mphamvu zokhuthala, zolimba, komanso zochepetsera.
Ponena za ntchito, PAM imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza madzi, migodi ya mafuta, kupanga mapepala, ndi mafakitale ena. Pokonza madzi, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati flocculant kuti igwirizane ndi ma coagulants monga PAC kuti iwonetse bwino zimbudzi za m'matauni, madzi otayidwa m'mafakitale, ndi madzi otayidwa m'malasha. Mu makampani opanga mafuta, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira kusefukira kwa madzi kuti ibwezeretse mafuta. Mu makampani opanga mapepala, imatha kukonza kuchuluka kwa zodzaza ndi utoto ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya mapepala.
Komabe, mukamagwiritsa ntchito PAM, muyenera kusamala. Mwachitsanzo, iyenera kusungunuka m'madzi oyera, ndipo liwiro loyambitsa lisakhale lachangu kwambiri kuti unyolo wa mamolekyu usasweke. Mlingo uyenera kudziwika kudzera mu mayeso ang'onoang'ono, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kungapangitse madzi kukhala okhuthala ndikukhudza kusungunuka kwa madzi.
Ponseponse, PAM ndi polima yosinthika komanso yofunika kwambiri. Ndi chitukuko chopitilira cha mafakitale, mwayi wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwake udzakhala wokulirapo, koma nthawi yomweyo, tiyeneranso kusamala za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake motetezeka komanso momwe zinthu zimakhudzira chilengedwe.
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