Mpweya wopangidwa ndi activated mu makampani osamalira madzi.

Kapangidwe kake kapadera, kokhala ndi mabowo, komanso malo akuluakulu a mpweya woyatsidwa, kuphatikiza ndi mphamvu zokopa, zimathandiza mpweya woyatsidwa kugwira ndikugwira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu pamwamba pake. Mpweya woyatsidwa umabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Umapangidwa pokonza zinthu zopangidwa ndi kaboni, nthawi zambiri malasha, matabwa, kapena kokonati, pamalo otentha kwambiri (monga uvuni wozungulira [5]) kuti mpweyawo uyatse ndikupanga mawonekedwe a pamwamba omwe ali ndi mabowo ambiri.

Kaboni woyambitsa ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani oyeretsera madzi. Ndi woboola kwambiri wokhala ndi malo akuluakulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale wothandiza kwambiri poyamwa madzi. Kaboni woyambitsa ndi wa gulu la zinthu zoboola mpweya zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zoyamwa madzi komanso mphamvu zoyamwa madzi. Zinthu zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko opangira AC. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyeretsera madzi ndi chipolopolo cha kokonati, matabwa, malasha a anthracite ndi peat.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mpweya woyatsidwa, uliwonse umakhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale woyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zinazake. Motero, opanga amapereka zinthu zosiyanasiyana za mpweya woyatsidwa. Kutengera ndi momwe umagwiritsidwira ntchito, mpweya woyatsidwa ungagwiritsidwe ntchito mu ufa, granular, extruded, kapena ngakhale madzi. Ungagwiritsidwe ntchito wokha, kapena kuphatikiza ndi ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana, monga UV disinfection. Makina oyeretsera madzi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya woyatsidwa woyatsidwa wochuluka kapena wochuluka, ndipo mpweya woyatsidwa wochuluka (GAC) wochokera ku malasha a bituminous ndiye womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Chipolopolo cha kokonati chakhala chimodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mpweya woyatsidwa wofunikira pa ntchito zosefera madzi. Ma carbon oyatsidwa ochokera ku chipolopolo cha kokonati ndi ma micro-pores. Ma pores ang'onoang'ono awa amafanana ndi kukula kwa mamolekyulu odetsa m'madzi akumwa ndipo motero ndi othandiza kwambiri powagwira. Kokonati ndi chuma chobwezerezedwanso ndipo amapezeka mosavuta chaka chonse. Amakula mochuluka ndipo amatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Madzi akhoza kukhala ndi zinthu zodetsa zomwe zingakhudze thanzi ndi moyo wabwino. Madzi omwe anthu amamwa ayenera kukhala opanda zamoyo komanso kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe angakhale oopsa ku thanzi. Madzi omwe timamwa tsiku lililonse ayenera kukhala opanda kuipitsidwa kulikonse. Pali mitundu iwiri ya madzi akumwa: madzi oyera ndi madzi otetezeka. Ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiriyi ya madzi akumwa.

Madzi oyera angatanthauzidwe ngati madzi opanda zinthu zina zakunja kaya zosavulaza kapena ayi. Komabe, malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili, madzi oyera ndi ovuta kupanga, ngakhale ndi zida zamakono zamakono. Kumbali ina, madzi otetezeka ndi madzi omwe sangabweretse zotsatira zoyipa kapena zoyipa. Madzi otetezeka akhoza kukhala ndi zodetsa koma zodetsa izi sizingayambitse zoopsa kapena zotsatirapo zoyipa pa thanzi la anthu. Zodetsa ziyenera kukhala pamalo oyenera.

Mwachitsanzo, kusakaniza chlorine kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'madzi. Komabe, njira imeneyi imayambitsa ma trihalomethanes (THMs) mu mankhwala omalizidwa. Ma THM amakhala ndi zoopsa pa thanzi. Kumwa madzi okhala ndi chlorine kwa nthawi yayitali kumawoneka kuti kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya chikhodzodzo mpaka 80 peresenti, malinga ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu magazini ya National Cancer Institute (St. Paul Dispatch & Pioneer Press, 1987).

Pamene chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi chikuwonjezeka ndipo kufunikira kwa madzi abwino kukuchulukirachulukira kuposa kale lonse, zidzakhala zodetsa nkhawa kwambiri posachedwa kuti malo oyeretsera madzi akhale ogwira ntchito bwino. Kumbali ina, madzi operekedwa m'mabanja akadali pangozi chifukwa cha zinthu zodetsa monga mankhwala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kaboni woyambitsa wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yosefera madzi poyeretsera madzi akumwa kwa zaka zambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa zinthu zodetsa m'madzi chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yayikulu yoyamwa zinthu zotere, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha malo awo akuluakulu komanso ming'alu. Ma kaboni oyambitsa ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana pamwamba ndi kukula kwa ma pore, makhalidwe omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuyamwa kwa zinthu zodetsa m'madzi.