Kapangidwe kake, kamene kamakhala ndi porous komanso dera lalikulu la carbon activated, kuphatikizidwa ndi mphamvu zokopa, zimalola mpweya wopangidwa kuti ugwire ndikugwira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo pamwamba pake. Mpweya wopangidwa ndi activated umabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Amapangidwa pokonza zinthu zokhala ndi mpweya, nthawi zambiri malasha, nkhuni, kapena mankhusu a kokonati, m'malo otentha kwambiri (monga ng'anjo yozungulira [5]) kuti atsegule mpweya ndikupanga mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri.
Activated carbon ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opangira madzi. Ili ndi porous kwambiri yokhala ndi malo akuluakulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri ya adsorbent. Mpweya wopangidwa ndi activated ndi wa gulu la zinthu za porous carbon zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zokopa komanso kuyambiranso. Zinthu zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zoyambira kupanga AC. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa madzi ndi chipolopolo cha kokonati, nkhuni, malasha a anthracite ndi peat.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya carbon activated, iliyonse ili ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera. Chifukwa chake, opanga amapereka mitundu ingapo ya zinthu za carbon activated. Kutengera ndikugwiritsa ntchito, kaboni woyendetsedwa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ufa, granular, extruded, kapena mawonekedwe amadzimadzi. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito yokha, kapena kuphatikizidwa ndi matekinoloje osiyanasiyana, monga kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi UV. Makina oyeretsera madzi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kaboni wopangidwa ndi granular kapena ufa, wokhala ndi kaboni wopangidwa ndi granular (GAC) kuchokera ku malasha a bituminous omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Chipolopolo cha kokonati chatuluka ngati imodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri za carbon activated pazosowa zosefera madzi. Coconut shell-based activated carbons ndi micro-pores. Tizibowo tating’ono timeneti timafanana ndi kukula kwa mamolekyu oipitsa m’madzi akumwa ndipo motero ndi othandiza kwambiri kuwatchera msampha. Kokonati ndi chinthu chongowonjezedwanso ndipo chimapezeka mosavuta chaka chonse. Amakula mochuluka ndipo amatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Madzi amatha kukhala ndi zowononga zomwe zimatha kusokoneza thanzi komanso moyo wabwino. Madzi oti anthu amwe akuyenera kukhala opanda zamoyo komanso kuchulukira kwa mankhwala omwe angakhale owopsa ku thanzi. Madzi omwe timamwa tsiku lililonse ayenera kukhala opanda kuipitsa kulikonse. Pali mitundu iwiri ya madzi akumwa: madzi oyera ndi madzi abwino. Ndikofunika kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya madzi akumwa.
Madzi oyera tinganene kuti ndi madzi opanda zinthu zotuluka m'thupi kaya ndi opanda vuto kapena ayi. Komabe, m’lingaliro lothandiza, madzi oyera ndi ovuta kupanga, ngakhale ndi zipangizo zamakono zamakono. Kumbali ina, madzi otetezeka ndi madzi omwe sangabweretse zotsatira zosayenera kapena zoipa. Madzi otetezeka amatha kukhala ndi zoipitsa zina koma zoyipitsidwazi sizingabweretse chiwopsezo chilichonse kapena zotsatira zoyipa za thanzi mwa anthu. Zowonongeka ziyenera kukhala zovomerezeka.
Mwachitsanzo, chlorination amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophera tizilombo m'madzi. Izi, komabe, zimabweretsa ma trihalomethanes (THMs) muzomaliza. Ma THM amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo chaumoyo. Kumwa madzi okhala ndi klorini kwa nthawi yaitali kukuwoneka kuti kumawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya m'chikhodzodzo mpaka 80 peresenti, malinga ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa m'magazini ya National Cancer Institute (St. Paul Dispatch & Pioneer Press, 1987).
Pamene chiŵerengero cha anthu padziko lonse chikuwonjezereka ndipo zofuna zogwiritsira ntchito madzi abwino zikuwonjezereka kuposa ndi kale lonse, zidzakhala zodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri posachedwapa kuti malo oyeretsera madzi adzakhala othandiza kwambiri. Kumbali ina, madzi operekedwa m'mabanja akadali pachiwopsezo ndi zowononga monga mankhwala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Activated carbon wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sing'anga zosefera madzi kuyeretsa madzi akumwa kwa zaka zambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa zonyansa m'madzi chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zambiri zokometsera zinthu zoterezi, zomwe zimachokera kumtunda wawo waukulu ndi porosity. Ma carbon activated amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana komanso kukula kwa pore, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakutengera zonyansa m'madzi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-26-2022