Mpweya woyeretsera mpweya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe
Mpweya woyatsidwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana pochiza mpweya ndi mpweya wotuluka. Monga chonyamulira cha zinthu zapadera zoyamwitsa kapena zoyambitsa, mpweya woyatsidwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito pobwezeretsa zosungunulira, poyeretsa mpweya wotuluka, pochotsa ma dioxin, zitsulo zolemera, ndi zinthu zina zodetsa. Nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zoipitsa mu mpweya woziziritsa ndi makina otulutsira utsi. Ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuchotsa zinthu zonunkha muzosefera za chakudya chotsukira utsi kukhitchini ndi firiji.
Mu malo opangira magetsi, zotenthetsera moto, ndi ma uvuni a simenti, mpweya wopangidwa umachotsa mercury, dioxin, furans, ndi zinthu zina zoipitsa mpweya kuchokera ku utsi kuti zikwaniritse malamulo okhudza chilengedwe.
Chofala m'mafyuluta a mpweya m'mafakitale ndi m'nyumba kuti achotse ma VOC, fungo loipa, ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mpweya.
Mpweya wopangidwa ndi mankhwala oyambitsa mphamvu (catalytically activated carbon) wochotsa zinthu zosapangidwa monga zitsulo zolemera, ammonia kapena H2S.
Ma Dioxin/Furan ndi gulu la mankhwala okhalitsa komanso oopsa kwambiri, omwe amawonongeka pafupifupi kwathunthu pansi pa kutentha kokhazikika, koma amapangidwanso panthawi yolekanitsa fumbi pa kutentha kopitilira 200°C.
Mercury ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zosowa kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Komabe, chifukwa cha nthunzi yake yambiri komanso kusungunuka mosavuta kuchokera ku mankhwala, chiopsezo cha mpweya woipa ku chilengedwe chimapezeka m'mafakitale ambiri. Chifukwa cha poizoni wambiri wa mercury ndi mankhwala ake, kuyesetsa kulikonse kuyenera kuchitika kuti tipewe mpweya woterewu. Magwero omwe angayambitse mpweya wa mercury mumlengalenga ndi njira zopangira zitsulo ndi kupanga ndi kutaya zinthu zomwe zili ndi mercury. Mercury imatha kuchotsedwa mu mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zotsukira.
Zinthu zotsatirazi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuchuluka kwa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya:
- TOC (kaboni wachilengedwe wosungunuka)
- COD (kufunikira kwa okosijeni wa mankhwala)
- AOX (ma halojeni achilengedwe otha kuyamwa)
Kafukufuku ayenera kuchitika kuti aphunzire mtundu wa momwe zinthu zodetsa zimakhudzira kutengera zomwe zili pamwambapa. Pambuyo pake, deta yomwe yapezedwa imalola kudziwa mtundu woyenera wa mpweya wokonzedwa kuti uthane ndi kuipitsa.
Kukhala ndi mulingo wabwino wa BOD m'madzi otayira n'kofunika kwambiri popanga madzi abwino otayira. Ngati mulingo wa BOD uli wokwera kwambiri, ndiye kuti madziwo akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo choipitsidwanso, zomwe zingasokoneze njira yoyeretsera ndikukhudza chinthu chomaliza. COD ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'mafakitale; komabe, maboma omwe amathira madzi otayira ndi mankhwala oipitsa angagwiritsenso ntchito.
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Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-11-2025