Kugawa Kaboni Kogwiritsidwa Ntchito ndi Ntchito Zofunikira
Chiyambi
Kaboni wochita kupangidwa ndi mpweya ndi mtundu wa kaboni wokhala ndi mabowo ambiri okhala ndi malo akuluakulu pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza kwambiri pochotsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zodetsa. Kutha kwake kugwira zinthu zodetsa kwapangitsa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'malo oteteza chilengedwe, mafakitale, komanso azachipatala. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za magulu ake ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito mwatsatanetsatane.
Njira Zopangira
Mpweya wopangidwa umapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zokhala ndi mpweya wochuluka monga zipolopolo za kokonati, matabwa, malasha, kudzera m'njira ziwiri zazikulu:
- Kusintha kwa kaboni- Kutenthetsa zinthu zopangira pamalo opanda mpweya kuti muchotse zinthu zosakhazikika.
- Kutsegula- Kukulitsa porosity kudzera:
Kuyambitsa thupi(pogwiritsa ntchito nthunzi kapena CO₂)
Kuyambitsa mankhwala(pogwiritsa ntchito ma acid kapena maziko monga phosphoric acid kapena potassium hydroxide)
Kusankha zinthu ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito kumatsimikiza zomwe kaboni imakwaniritsa.
Kugawa kwa Mpweya Wogwiritsidwa Ntchito
Mpweya wopangidwa ndi activated ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu motere:
1. Mawonekedwe Athupi
- Mpweya Wopangidwa ndi Ufa (PAC)– Tinthu tating'onoting'ono (<0.18 mm) tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zinthu zamadzimadzi, monga kuyeretsa madzi ndi kuchotsa utoto.
- Mpweya Wopangidwa ndi Granular (GAC)– Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono (0.2–5 mm) tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina osefera mpweya ndi madzi.
- Mpweya Wopangidwa ndi Pelletized– Ma pellets ozungulira opanikizika kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu mpweya ndi nthunzi.
Ulusi wa Mpweya Wopangidwa ndi Kaboni (ACF)- Chovala kapena nsalu yofewa, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga masks apadera a gasi komanso kuchira zosungunulira.
- 2. Magwero a Nkhani
- Chopangidwa ndi Chipolopolo cha Kokonati– Kuchuluka kwa ma microporosity, koyenera kwambiri poyamwa mpweya (monga, zopumira, kubwezeretsanso golide).
- Zochokera ku Matabwa- Mabowo akuluakulu, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa utoto wa zakumwa monga madzi a shuga.
- Zochokera ku Malasha- Yotsika mtengo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza mpweya ndi madzi m'mafakitale.3. Kukula kwa Mabowo
- Matumbo ang'onoang'ono (<2 nm)- Yothandiza pa mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono (monga kusungira mpweya, kuchotsa VOC).
- Mesoporous (2–50 nm)- Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyamwa mamolekyu akuluakulu (monga kuchotsa utoto).
- Macroporous (>50 nm)- Imagwira ntchito ngati chosefera kuti isatsekedwe mu mankhwala amadzimadzi.
- Kuyeretsa Madzi Akumwa- Amachotsa chlorine, zinthu zodetsa zachilengedwe, ndi fungo loipa.
- Kuchiza Madzi Otayidwa– Imasefa zinyalala zamafakitale, mankhwala, ndi zitsulo zolemera (monga mercury, lead).
- Kusefa kwa Aquarium- Imasunga madzi oyera mwa kunyamula poizoni.2. Kuyeretsa Mpweya ndi Gasi
- Zosefera za M'nyumba- Imakola mankhwala osungunuka achilengedwe (VOCs), utsi, ndi fungo.
- Kuyeretsa Gasi wa Mafakitale- Amachotsa zinthu zoipitsa monga hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) kuchokera ku mpweya wochokera ku fakitale yoyeretsera.
- Mapulogalamu a Magalimoto- Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zosefera mpweya m'galimoto ndi makina obwezeretsa nthunzi ya mafuta.3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zachipatala ndi Zamankhwala
- Chithandizo cha Poizoni ndi Kupitirira Muyeso- Mankhwala ochizira mwadzidzidzi a mankhwala opitirira muyeso (monga mapiritsi a makala ogwiritsidwa ntchito).
- Mavalidwe a Mabala– Ulusi wa kaboni wopangidwa ndi maantibayotiki umateteza matenda.4. Makampani Ogulitsa Zakudya ndi Zakumwa
- Kusintha mtundu- Amatsuka shuga, mafuta a masamba, ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
- Kukweza Kukoma- Amachotsa kukoma kosafunikira m'madzi akumwa ndi madzi akumwa.5. Ntchito Zamakampani ndi Zapadera
- Kubwezeretsa Golide- Amachotsa golide kuchokera ku cyanide m'migodi.
- Kubwezeretsanso Zosungunulira- Amabwezeretsa acetone, benzene, ndi mankhwala ena.
- Kusungirako Gasi- Amasunga methane ndi haidrojeni mu mphamvu.
Mapeto
Mpweya wopangidwa ndi activated ndi chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana chomwe chili ndi ntchito zofunika kwambiri poteteza chilengedwe, chisamaliro chaumoyo, komanso ntchito zamafakitale. Kugwira ntchito kwake kumadalira mawonekedwe ake, gwero lake, ndi kapangidwe ka ma pore. Zolinga zamtsogolo zikufuna kukonza kukhazikika kwake, monga kuupanga kuchokera ku zinyalala zaulimi kapena kupititsa patsogolo njira zokonzanso zinthu.
Pamene mavuto apadziko lonse lapansi monga kusowa kwa madzi ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya akuchulukirachulukira, mpweya woyatsidwa upitilizabe kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mtsogolo kungakulire m'magawo atsopano monga kunyamula mpweya woipa kuti uchepetse kusintha kwa nyengo kapena njira zamakono zosefera kuti zichotsedwe m'mapulasitiki ang'onoang'ono.
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Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-10-2025