Mpweya wopangidwa

Mpweya wopangidwa ndi activated, womwe nthawi zina umatchedwa kuti activated charcoal, ndi chinthu chapadera chomwe chimayamwa madzi chomwe chimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kokhala ndi mabowo ambiri omwe amalola kuti chigwire bwino ndikusunga zinthuzo.

Yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale angapo kuchotsa zinthu zosafunikira kuchokera ku zakumwa kapena mpweya, mpweya woyatsidwa ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zambiri zosatha zomwe zimafuna kuchotsa zodetsa kapena zinthu zosafunikira, kuyambira pakuyeretsa madzi ndi mpweya, mpaka kukonzanso nthaka, komanso kubwezeretsanso golide.

Apa pali chithunzithunzi cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana kwambiri izi.

Kodi mpweya wopangidwa ndi mpweya (ACTIVATED CARBON) ndi chiyani?
Kaboni yogwira ntchito ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi kaboni chomwe chakonzedwa kuti chikhale ndi mphamvu zambiri zokoka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chinthucho chikhale chokoka bwino.

Kaboni yogwira ntchito ili ndi kapangidwe kodabwitsa ka ma pore komwe kamapangitsa kuti ikhale ndi malo okwera kwambiri ogwirira ndi kugwirira zinthu, ndipo imatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zingapo zachilengedwe zokhala ndi kaboni wambiri, kuphatikizapo:

Zipolopolo za kokonati
Matabwa
Malasha
Peat
Ndipo zina zambiri…
Kutengera ndi gwero la kaboni, ndi njira zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kaboni woyambitsa, mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala amatha kusiyana kwambiri.² Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwa ma kaboni opangidwa m'malonda, ndi mitundu yambirimbiri yomwe ilipo. Chifukwa cha izi, ma kaboni opangidwa m'malonda ndi apadera kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kwina.

Ngakhale kuti pali kusiyana kotereku, pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya mpweya wopangidwa ndi activated carbon:

Mpweya Wopangidwa ndi Ufa (PAC)

Ma carbon opangidwa ndi ufa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuyambira 5 mpaka 150 Å, ndipo pali ma PAC ena omwe amapezeka. Ma PAC nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira madzi ndipo amapereka ndalama zochepa zogwirira ntchito komanso kusinthasintha kogwira ntchito.

Mpweya Wopangidwa ndi Granular (GAC)

Ma carbon opangidwa ndi granular nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuyambira 0.2 mm mpaka 5 mm ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito mpweya ndi madzi. Ma GAC ​​ndi otchuka chifukwa amapereka chisamaliro choyera ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa ma PAC.

Kuphatikiza apo, amapereka mphamvu yowonjezera (kuuma) ndipo amatha kubwezeretsedwanso ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Mpweya Wotulutsidwa Wogwiritsidwa Ntchito (EAC)

Ma carbon opangidwa ndi extruded ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi cylindrical pellet zomwe zimakhala ndi kukula kuyambira 1 mm mpaka 5 mm. Kawirikawiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu gas phase reactions, ma EAC ndi carbon yopangidwa ndi heavy-duty chifukwa cha njira yotulutsira.

Mitundu Yowonjezera

Mitundu ina ya mpweya wopangidwa ndi activated ndi iyi:

Mpweya Wogwiritsidwa Ntchito ndi Bead
Mpweya Wopatsirana
Mpweya Wokutidwa ndi Polima
Nsalu Zopangidwa ndi Kaboni
Ulusi wa Mpweya Wogwiritsidwa Ntchito
KATUNDU WA KHABONI YOGWIRITSIDWA NTCHITO
Posankha mpweya wogwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito inayake, makhalidwe osiyanasiyana ayenera kuganiziridwa:

Kapangidwe ka Mabowo

Kapangidwe ka ma pore a kaboni woyatsidwa kamasintha ndipo makamaka chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimachokera komanso njira yopangira.¹ Kapangidwe ka ma pore, pamodzi ndi mphamvu zokopa, ndi komwe kumalola kuti madzi alowe m'thupi.

Kuuma/Kutupa

Kuuma/kusweka ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakusankha. Ntchito zambiri zimafuna kuti mpweya wokonzedwa ukhale ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kukana kusweka (kusweka kwa zinthu kukhala zidutswa). Mpweya wokonzedwa kuchokera ku zipolopolo za kokonati uli ndi kuuma kwakukulu kwa mpweya wokonzedwa.4

Katundu Wokometsera

Kapangidwe ka mpweya woyatsidwa umayamwa kamakhala ndi makhalidwe angapo, kuphatikizapo mphamvu yoyamwa, kuchuluka kwa madzi oyamwa, komanso mphamvu yonse ya mpweya woyatsidwa.4

Kutengera ndi momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito (madzimadzi kapena mpweya), makhalidwe amenewa angasonyezedwe ndi zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa ayodini, malo ake, ndi Carbon Tetrachloride Activity (CTC).4

Kuchuluka Koonekera

Ngakhale kuti kuchulukana koonekera sikukhudza kulowetsedwa kwa madzi pa kulemera kwa yuniti, kudzakhudza kulowetsedwa kwa madzi pa kuchuluka kwa yuniti.4

Chinyezi

Mwachiyembekezo, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chili mkati mwa mpweya woyatsidwa kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa 3-6%.4

Zamkati mwa Phulusa

Kuchuluka kwa phulusa la mpweya wopangidwa ndi activated carbon ndiye muyeso wa gawo lopanda mphamvu, losasinthika, losapangidwa ndi organic, komanso losagwiritsidwa ntchito la zinthuzo. Kuchuluka kwa phulusa kudzakhala kochepa momwe zingathere, chifukwa ubwino wa mpweya wopangidwa ndi activated carbon umawonjezeka pamene kuchuluka kwa phulusa kumachepa.