Kodi zosefera za carbon zomwe zimagwira ntchito zimachotsa ndi kuchepetsa chiyani?

Malinga ndi EPA (The Environmental Protection Agency ku United States) Activated Carbon ndiye ukadaulo wokhawo wa fyuluta womwe ukulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa

• zonse 32 zozindikiritsa zowononga zachilengedwe kuphatikiza ma THM (zopangidwa kuchokera ku klorini).
• mankhwala onse ophera tizilombo 14 (izi zikuphatikiza ma nitrates komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo monga glyphosate omwe amatchedwanso roundup)
• mankhwala 12 omwe amapezeka kwambiri.

Izi ndi zowonongeka zenizeni ndi mankhwala ena omwe amachotsa makala amoto.

Chlorine (Cl)

Madzi apampopi ambiri omwe ali pagulu ku Europe ndi North America amakhala oyendetsedwa bwino, oyesedwa komanso ovomerezeka kuti amwe.Komabe, kuti ikhale yotetezeka, chlorine imawonjezeredwa kuti ipangitse kukoma ndi kununkhiza koipa.Zosefera za Mpweya zolumikizidwa ndizabwino kwambiri pakuchotsa klorini komanso zokhudzana ndi kukoma koyipa ndi fungo.Zosefera zapamwamba za carbon zomwe zimagwira zimatha kuchotsa95% kapena kuposerapo kwa klorini yaulere.

Kuti mumve zambiri pa izi werengani zachlorine yonse komanso yaulere.

Chlorine sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi Chloride yomwe ndi mchere wophatikizidwa ndi sodium ndi calcium.Chloride imatha kuwonjezeka pang'ono madzi akasefedwa ndi activated carbon.

Chlorine bi-products

Chodetsa nkhawa kwambiri pamadzi apampopi ndi zinthu zopangidwa (VOCs) zochokera ku chlorine monga ma THM omwe amadziwika kuti angayambitse khansa.Activated carbon ndiyothandiza kwambiri kuposa ukadaulo wina uliwonse wosefera pakuchotsa izi.Malinga ndi EPA imachotsa zinthu 32 zodziwika bwino za chlorine.Zomwe zimayezedwa kwambiri m'malipoti amadzi apampopi ndi ma THM onse.

Chloride (Cl-)

Chloride ndi mchere wachilengedwe womwe umathandizira kusunga kuchuluka kwa magazi, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi pH yamadzi am'thupi.Komabe, chloride yambiri m'madzi imatha kuyambitsa kukoma kwa mchere.Chloride ndi gawo lachilengedwe lamadzi apampopi popanda zovuta zilizonse zaumoyo.Ndi gawo la njira ya chlorination yakumwa madzi kuchokera ku mabakiteriya owopsa ndi ma virus.Sichiyenera kusefedwa kapena kuchotsedwa koma kaboni woyatsidwa nthawi zambiri amachepetsa kloridi ndi 50-70%.Muzochitika zapadera, kloridi imatha kuwonjezeka.

Mankhwala ophera tizilombo

Mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira kuti ziwononge tizirombo, kuphatikizapo udzu womwe umatha m'madzi apansi, m'nyanja, mitsinje, m'nyanja, ndipo nthawi zina madzi apampopi ngakhale atachiritsidwa.Activated Carbon imayesedwa kuchotsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo 14 omwe amapezeka kwambiri kuphatikiza Chlordane, Chlordecone (CLD/Kepone), Glyphosate (Round-up), Heptachlor, ndi Lindane.Izi zikuphatikizanso nitrate (onani pansipa).

Mankhwala a herbicides

Mankhwala a herbicides omwe amadziwikanso kuti opha udzu, ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa zomera zosafunikira.Activated Carbon amayesedwa kuti achotse 12 mwa mankhwala opha udzu omwe amapezeka kwambiri kuphatikiza 2,4-D ndi Atrazine.

Nitrate (NO32-)

Nitrate ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pazomera.Ndi gwero lolemera la nayitrogeni, lomwe ndi lofunikira pakukula kwa mbewu.Nitrate ilibe vuto lililonse lodziwika kwa akuluakulu pokhapokha ngati liri lokwera kwambiri.Komabe, nitrate yambiri m'madzi imatha kuyambitsa Methemoglobinemia, kapena matenda a "blue baby" (Kupanda mpweya).

Nitrate m'madzi apampopi amachokera ku feteleza, septic system, ndi kusunga manyowa kapena kufalitsa ntchito.Mpweya wokhala ndi activated umachepetsa nitrate ndi 50-70% kutengera mtundu wa fyulutayo.

PFOS

PFOS ndi mankhwala opangira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachitsanzo, thovu lozimitsa moto, plating zitsulo ndi zothamangitsa madontho.Kwa zaka zambiri zatha m'chilengedwe komanso magwero amadzi akumwa ndi zochitika zingapo zazikulu ku North America ndi Europe.Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2002 wopangidwa ndi Environmental Directorate of the OECD "PFOS ndi yolimbikira, yochulukirapo komanso yapoizoni ku mitundu ya nyama zoyamwitsa."Activated Carbon yapezeka kuti ndiyothandizaChotsani PFOS kuphatikiza PFAS, PFOA ndi PFNA.

Phosphate (PO43-)

Phosphate, monga nitrate, ndiyofunikira pakukula kwa mbewu.Phosphate ndi inhibitor yamphamvu ya corrosion.Kuchuluka kwa Phosphate sikunawonetse kuopsa kulikonse kwa thanzi la anthu.Ma Public Water System (PWSs) nthawi zambiri amawonjezera ma phosphates m'madzi akumwa kuti ateteze kutulutsa kwa mtovu ndi mkuwa kuchokera ku mapaipi ndi zida zina.Zosefera zamakala zapamwamba nthawi zambiri zimachotsa 70-90% ya phosphates.

Lithiamu (Li+)

Lithiamu imapezeka mwachilengedwe m'madzi akumwa.Ngakhale ilipo pamlingo wotsika kwambiri, Lithium kwenikweni ndi gawo la antidepressant.Sizinasonyeze zotsatira zoipa pa thupi la munthu.Lithiamu imapezeka m'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi, m'madzi apansi panthaka, komanso m'madzi amafuta amafuta.Zosefera zamakala monga TAPP Madzi amachepetsa 70-90% ya chinthu ichi.

 Mankhwala

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kulikonse kwa mankhwala kwachititsa kuti mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala ndi ma metabolites awo azikhala m'madzi oipa.Zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano zikusonyeza kuti n'zokayikitsa kuti kumwa mankhwala otsika kwambiri m'madzi akumwa kungabweretse mavuto aakulu ku thanzi la anthu, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amapezeka m'madzi akumwa kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi mlingo wochepa wa mankhwala. .Mankhwala atha kutulutsidwa m'magwero amadzi m'zinyalala kuchokera m'malo osayendetsedwa bwino ndi opanga kapena opanga, makamaka omwe amalumikizidwa ndi mankhwala a generic.Zosefera zapamwamba za carbon block monga EcoPro zimachotsa 95% yamankhwala.

Microplastics

Microplastics ndi zotsatira za zinyalala za pulasitiki mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magwero.Zotsatira zenizeni za microplastics pa thanzi laumunthu zimakhala zovuta kudziwa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapulasitiki, komanso zowonjezera za mankhwala zomwe zingakhalepo kapena sizingakhalepo.Pamene zinyalala za pulasitiki zimalowa

m'madzi, sichimanyozeka monga momwe zinthu zachilengedwe zimachitira.M'malo mwake, kutenthedwa ndi kuwala kwadzuwa, kukhudzidwa ndi mpweya, ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu monga mafunde ndi mchenga kumapangitsa zinyalala zapulasitiki kusweka kukhala tizidutswa ting'onoting'ono.Tizing'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tambiri tambiri tambiri ndi 2.6 micron.Chotsekereza kaboni cha 2 micron monga EcoPro chimachotsa ma microplastics onse akulu kuposa ma microns awiri.